What is Cervical Myelopathy?

Cervical myelopathy is a condition that affects the spinal cord in the neck region, leading to a range of symptoms that can significantly impact a person's quality of life. It is crucial to understand this condition, including its causes, symptoms, and available treatment options, to effectively manage it and improve patient outcomes.

Dr. Brandon A. Ortega, in Torrance and Long Beach, California, specializes in treating cervical myelopathy with advanced surgical techniques, restoring mobility and improving the quality of life for his patients. Call his practice, Brandon A. Ortega, MD, if you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms suggestive of cervical myelopathy.

WHAT IS CERVICAL MYELOPATHY?

Cervical myelopathy refers to compression or damage to the spinal cord in the cervical (neck) region of the spine. This compression can result from various factors, including degenerative changes in the spine, trauma, or congenital abnormalities. As the spinal cord becomes compressed, it can lead to a range of neurological symptoms that affect mobility, sensation, and function.

CAUSES
Several factors can contribute to the development of cervical myelopathy. These include:

• Degenerative Changes: Over time, the cervical spine can undergo degenerative changes, such as herniated discs, bone spurs (osteophytes), and thickening of ligaments. These changes can narrow the spinal canal (stenosis) and compress the spinal cord, leading to myelopathy.
• Trauma: Injury to the neck, such as whiplash or a fall, can cause damage to the spinal cord and result in cervical myelopathy.
• Congenital Abnormalities: Some individuals may be born with abnormalities in the structure of their cervical spine, such as a narrow spinal canal or misaligned vertebrae, which can predispose them to develop myelopathy later in life.
• Tumors: Tumors in the cervical spine or adjacent structures can compress the spinal cord and cause myelopathy.

SYMPTOMS
The symptoms of cervical myelopathy can vary depending on the severity of spinal cord compression and the specific nerves affected. Common symptoms include:

• Neck pain
• Stiffness or reduced range of motion in the neck
• Weakness or clumsiness in the hands
• Numbness or tingling in the hands, arms, or legs
• Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
• Problems with fine motor skills, such as writing or buttoning clothes
• Loss of bladder or bowel control (in severe cases)

DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosing cervical myelopathy typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. These may include:

• Neurological Examination: The healthcare provider will assess muscle strength, reflexes, sensation, and coordination to evaluate the function of the spinal cord and nerves.
• Imaging: X-rays, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), or CT (computed tomography) scans can provide detailed images of the cervical spine, helping to identify any abnormalities or compression of the spinal cord.
• Electromyography/Nerve Conduction Studies: These tests can assess nerve function and detect any abnormalities in the electrical activity of muscles and nerves.

TREATMENT
The treatment approach for cervical myelopathy depends on the severity of symptoms, the underlying cause, and individual patient factors. Options may include:

• Conservative Management: Mild cases of cervical myelopathy may be managed with rest, physical therapy, and pain management techniques to relieve symptoms and improve function.
• Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, and pain medications may be prescribed to alleviate pain and discomfort.
• Corticosteroid Injections: In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be administered directly into the affected area of the spine to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms.
• Surgery: For more severe cases of cervical myelopathy or when conservative measures fail to provide relief, surgery may be recommended to decompress the spinal cord and stabilize the spine. Surgical options may include decompression through an anterior (ACDF/CDR) or posterior (laminoplasty/laminectomy w/ posterior spinal fusion) approach.

Cervical myelopathy is a condition that can significantly impact a person's daily life, causing symptoms such as neck pain, weakness, and difficulty walking. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for managing the condition and preventing further neurological damage. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for cervical myelopathy, patients and healthcare providers can work together to develop an effective management plan tailored to the individual's needs

For compassionate and expert care, book an appointment with Dr. Brandon A. Ortega, spine surgeon in Torrance and Long Beach, California, to see how we can help address your cervical myelopathy today.