When to See a Spine Surgeon: Red Flags You Shouldn’t Ignore

Back pain is one of the most common reasons people see a doctor, and in many cases, it resolves with time, physical therapy, or lifestyle changes. But how do you know when back pain is more than just a strain or sprain? At what point should you consider seeing a spine surgeon? Understanding the red flags can help you act early and get the care you need.

Here are key warning signs that you shouldn’t ignore.

SEVERE OR UNRELENTING PAIN
If you have persistent pain that lasts longer than a few weeks, despite rest, medications, or physical therapy, it’s time to get evaluated. Pain that is severe enough to interfere with sleep, daily activities, or work may indicate something more serious than a simple muscle strain. A spine surgeon can help determine whether an underlying condition, such as a herniated disc or spinal instability, is causing the problem.

PAIN THAT RADIATES TO YOUR ARMS OR LEGS
Radiating pain—also called radiculopathy—often signals that a nerve is compressed or irritated. Sciatica, for example, is a common condition where pain travels from the lower back down the leg. If you experience sharp, burning, or electric-like pain in your limbs, you may have a pinched nerve that requires further evaluation by a specialist.

NUMBNESS, TINGLING, OR WEAKNESS
Numbness or tingling in the arms, hands, legs, or feet can indicate nerve damage. Weakness—whether it’s difficulty lifting your foot (foot drop) or trouble holding objects—can suggest more severe nerve compression. Left untreated, nerve damage can become permanent. A spine surgeon can assess whether surgery is necessary to relieve the pressure and prevent long-term problems.

LOSS OF BLADDER OR BOWEL CONTROL
Sudden difficulty controlling your bladder or bowels is a medical emergency. It can be a sign of cauda equina syndrome, a rare but serious condition where nerves at the base of the spine are severely compressed. Without prompt surgical intervention, cauda equina can lead to permanent paralysis or loss of function. If you experience this symptom, seek emergency care immediately.

BALANCE PROBLEMS OR DIFFICULTY WALKING
If you’re having trouble maintaining balance, experiencing frequent falls, or noticing a change in your walking pattern, it may point to spinal cord compression. Cervical myelopathy (compression of the spinal cord in the neck) is a common cause and can progress if not addressed. Early surgical treatment can prevent worsening symptoms and improve mobility.

DEFORMITY OF THE SPINE
Noticeable changes in posture, such as a hunchback appearance or uneven shoulders, could be signs of spinal deformities like scoliosis or kyphosis. These conditions can cause pain, breathing difficulties, and functional limitations. While not all spinal deformities require surgery, seeing a spine surgeon can help determine the best course of action, especially if the deformity is progressing.

HISTORY OF TRAUMA OR INJURY
If you’ve experienced significant trauma—like a fall from a height, car accident, or sports injury—and you have neck or back pain, don’t ignore it. Fractures, dislocations, or ligament injuries can cause instability and potential damage to the spinal cord. Prompt evaluation by a spine specialist is essential to avoid long-term complications.

WHEN IN DOUBT, GET CHECKED OUT
Not every back or neck issue requires surgery, but seeing a spine surgeon doesn’t automatically mean you’ll be heading to the operating room. Spine surgeons are experts in diagnosing complex spine conditions and often recommend conservative treatments first. However, early diagnosis and intervention can prevent minor problems from becoming major ones.

If you’re experiencing any of these red flags, don’t wait. Dr. Brandon A. Ortega, a fellowship-trained orthopaedic spine surgeon, specializes in helping patients find relief and return to the activities they love. Whether through non-surgical treatments or advanced surgical techniques, Dr. Ortega delivers personalized care tailored to your needs.

Schedule a consultation today to find out how Dr. Ortega can help you get back to living without pain.